What is Normalization in RDBMS? Normalization is a process to reduce or eliminate data redundancies by correcting table structures inside a relational database management system. There are, as of 2022, 7 different forms of normalization. They are 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF, 5NF, and 6NF. To understand how this works, we will take this table…
Data Migration
Why the need for data migration? Not too long ago, database software were limited to few brands and options. To name a few of them we can say Oracle, MS SQL Server, MySQL, DB2 among few others. Oracle would be used for systems that needed very high performance and robustness. MySQL, would be used for…
SQL Development
Welcome to the wide and wonderful world of SQL development. Whether you’re dipping your toes into these waters for the first time as a student, upgrading your tech skills, or seeking a career change, you’ve gotten the basic skills you’ll need. SQL development is an integral part of any programming endeavor because, in any system,…
Database Cardinality
When dealing with databases, there are several concepts to learn. Modeling and designing a database might seem difficult at first. The same can be said for writing, updating, and deleting the data from a database. But, what if there is more than one database? DBMS are made of sets of data. RDBMS, to be even…
Data Anomalies and Data Redundancy
Data redundancy in databases occurs when same piece of data is stored multiple times in the same table object or multiple table objects. This condition causes data “undesirable” anomalies when conducting transactions and operations inside of a transactional database. The keyword here is transactional. In analytical databases, the anomalies are welcome most of the time…
A Brief Lowdown On SQL Injection Attacks
SQL injection can be best defined as a security vulnerability on your web application. With this injection, an attacker can tamper with or misappropriate the queries that your application would be sent to your database. What’s more, with an SQL injection, cybercriminals can access data that they otherwise cannot access. The data includes everything ranging…
What is the Difference Among Databases, Data Warehouse, Data Mart, and Data Lake
There are many different ways to store, manipulate and retrieve data in a system. Many different software are available for such tasks. These software, should enable, based on the 5 Vs of data (volume, velocity, variety and value), a better user experience for the appropriate task. For that, we need to understand the difference among…
A Comprehensive Guide on OLTP vs. OLAP
When talking about relational database management systems, there are 2 concepts that must be understood in order to accomplish the best out of these systems. The best involves the 5 Vs (velocity, volume, veracity, value and variety). These 2 concepts are OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) and OLAP (Online Analytical Processing). During the process of design,…
What is the difference between Data Lake and Data Warehouse?
The main difference between data lake and data warehouse is that the a data lake can be composed of all types of data varying from structured (relational data), semi-structured (csv, Json, xml among other files) or unstructured (images, videos, text files among any other type of known or unknow files). Some of these data may…
Data Control Language (DCL)
When talking DCL, we are mainly talking about a portion of security in SQL Server. There are only two commands, GRANT and REVOKE, but remember, these commands can mean everything. With great power comes great responsibility. –Peter Parker So, when trying to access or manipulate objects in SQL Server, we need a Login. A login…
The Bits and Bytes of a SQL Server Datatype
What are the SQL Server datatypes? The SQL Server datatypes dictate the type of data an object can hold. Examples are integer, strings, decimals, binary, and so forth. We can divide them in Numeric Character Strings Binary Strings Date & Time Other Numeric, as the name say, has to do with numbers. BIT TINYINT SMALLINT…